In this article, we will have explained the necessary steps to install and configure PostgreSQL on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. Before continuing with this tutorial, make sure you are logged in as a user with sudo privileges. All the commands in this tutorial should be run as a non-root user.
PostgreSQL is an open source, powerful, advanced, high performance and stable relational-document database system. It uses and enhances the SQL language coupled with a large number of features for secure data storage and management.
Install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu
Step 1. First, before you start installing any package on your Ubuntu server, we always recommend making sure that all system packages are updated.
sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade
Step 2. Install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu 18.04.
As Ubuntu official repository contains a package of PostgreSQL, we will use here, apt package manager to install Postgres on Ubuntu:
sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib
To check the Postgres version and confirm installation run following psql command:
sudo -u postgres psql -c "SELECT version();"
Step 3. PostgreSQL Roles and Databases.
PostgreSQL supports multiple authentication methods. The most commonly used are:
- Trust – With this method, the role can connect without a password, as long as the criteria defined in the pg_hba.conf are met.
- Password – A role can connect by providing a password. The passwords can be stored as scram-sha-256 md5 and password (clear-text)
- Ident – This method is only supported on TCP/IP connections. Works by obtaining the client’s operating system user name, with an optional user name mapping.
- Peer – Same as Ident but it is only supported on local connections.
You can log in to PostgreSQL using below command:
sudo su - postgres
psql
To exit from here type following in the terminal:
\q
Step 4. Create PostgreSQL Database and Role.
- Create a new PostgreSQL RoleThe following command will create a new role named ramona:
sudo su - postgres -c "createuser ramona" - Create a new PostgreSQL DatabaseCreate a new database named ramona using the createdb command:
sudo su - postgres -c "createdb ramonadb" - Grant privilegesTo grant permissions to the ramona user on the database we created in the previous step, connect to the PostgreSQL shell:
sudo -u postgres psqland run the following query:
grant all privileges on database ramonadb to ramona;
Step 5. Enable remote access to PostgreSQL server.
Use the following steps to enable remote access to the PostgreSQL server:
sudo nano /etc/postgresql/10/main/postgresql.conf
Update listen_addresses like given below:
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Connection Settings - listen_addresses = '*'
Now restart the PostgreSQL service with systemctl command:
sudo systemctl restart postgresql
Verify the changes with the ss utility:
ss -nlt | grep 5432
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5432 [::]:*
Finally update pg_hba.conf file to configure server remote connections using below examples:
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD # The user test_user will be able access all databases from all locations using a md5 password host all test_user 0.0.0.0/0 md5 # The user test_user will be able access only the test_db from all locations using a md5 password host test_db test_user 0.0.0.0/0 md5 # The user test_user will be able access all databases from a trusted location (192.168.43.106) without a password host all test_user 192.168.1.134 trust
That’s all you need to do to install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu 18.04. I hope you find this quick tip helpful. If you have questions or suggestions, feel free to leave a comment below.